Video Technology.

Brief History of TV in the UK and abroad?

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1146543.stm

http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television_Time_3.htm

http://www.hometechanswers.com/video/standards.html

http://www.dstvo.com/2010/11/the-evolution-of-tv/

The first ever sign of broadcasting was created by Guglielmo Marconi an Italian entrepreneur in 1901. His wireless transmitted the first radio waves across the curvature of the earth. It was soon after possible to transmit radio waves from one country to another. In 1922 The BBC began its daily transmissions and soon became a social and cultural phenomenon in the UK. Television came a lot long after radio broadcasting. There is said to be evidence of a Scottish inventor called John Logie Baird. His first efforts of a television were ones of simplicity, made from a washstand and tea chest housing a projection lamp and scanning discs cut from cycle lenses. Held together with scrap wood, darning needles, string and sealing wax, it was a far cry from the huge, wide-screen, multi-channel TVs on sale today. There is a debate as to who actually invented television. However, the US, UK, Japan, Russia, France, Germany and Eastern Europe all have a claim that John Logie Baird definitely made the world's first broadcast. Baird also established that it was possible to broadcast moving images and demonstrated it at London’s Royal Institute in 1926 by using a now out-dated mechanical TV. Due to that demonstration the BBC’s television public service began in 1932 on the 22nd of August. Then in 1935 there were around 2000 Baird televisions in use that cost £100 per set. Sadly Baird’s 30-line mechanical television service was closed down to make way for new technology. Baird’s invention was replaced the following year with the high-definition electronic Marconi/EMI service which then caused prices to dramatically drop. Although there was a television demonstration made in London by Baird. The first ever large scale TV demonstration over 25,000 people came over the duration of three weeks and went to watch NBC programs from New York and local shows sent out by Philco’s Philadelphia station. In 1940, Peter Goldmark invented 343 lines of resolution colour television system. Then in 1943 Vladimir Zworkin developed a new camera tube called the Orthicon. The difference being that it was able to record outdoor events at night due to the good amount of light sensitivity. Peter Goldmark, working for CBS, demonstrated his colour television system to the FCC. His system produced color pictures by having a red-blue-green wheel spin in front of a cathode ray tube. This mechanical means of producing a colour picture was used in 1949 to broadcast medical procedures from Pennsylvania and Atlantic City hospitals. In Atlantic City, viewers could come to the convention center to see broadcasts of operations. Reports from the time noted that the realism of seeing surgery in colour caused more than a few viewers to faint.In 1945, an electronics company (RCA) held a demonstration of a new TV offering a sharper image then any other at the time.

Most countries around the World use one of three main Video Broadcast Standards. These three main standards are NTSC - PAL and SECAM. However, each standard is incompatible with the other. For example, a video recording made in the UK could not be played on US standard VCR's or shown on the TV. The reason for this is that the UK Video Standard is PAL whereas the US Video Standard is NTSC. The first colour TV broadcast system was put in to practice in the United States in 1953. This was based on the NTSC - National Television System Committee standard. NTSC is used by many countries on the American continent as well as many Asian countries. NTSC runs on 525 lines/frame. The PAL - Phase Alternating Line standard was introduced in the early 1960's and implemented in most European countries except for France. The PAL standard utilises a wider channelbandwidth than NTSC which allows for better picture quality. PAL runs on 625 lines/frame. The SECAM - Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire or Sequential Colour with Memory standard was introduced in the early 1960's and implemented in France. SECAM uses the same bandwidth as PAL but transmits the colour information sequentially.
SECAM runs on 625 lines/frame.

Television has changed a lot over the years, public interaction has become essential to live events and reality TV shows. Text message voting now plays a key role in making shows more interesting in which it gains more viewers. Teleision has changed from being more passivley viwed to the audience becoming more engaged with the show and also having chances to participate in them too. For example in quiz shows people can now ring up to answer questions which would then result in them maybe winning a prize and overall it makes the whole consumption of television for both the viewers watching and also the ones taking part. South Africa has unfortunately been slow in following the high-levels of broadband growth when compared to other markets. In mainstream countries in which are usually associated with being ahead in technology have begun to improve the consumers experiance even more ways other then texting and phoning in. Users now have a wider range of choices, with the ability to communicate not only with the show, but also their social network around the video content. The advent of broadband video delivery, means that traditional television will evolve from just waiting for your favourite show to come on, to an experience that is on-demand, fully interactive, highly convenient and time saving. To even further enthasise the wide range of being able to view television shows it is also now possible to view online when you like as well, due to the websites set up by broascating companies for audiences to catch up on shows that they have missed.

How has the digital world changed the way we consume and create TV?


Television has came along way from just being viewed on one device. Nowadays there are lots of ways anyone can watch TV either portably or at home. In the digital world it is now possible to watch films on games consoles such as the 'PS3' which can also connect to the internet and become available for internet browsing. Another form of technology is on your mobile phone, a phone brand and make in particular would have to be the Nokia n82 in which BBC iplayer has been edited in to the software so people can watch television whenever they want, where ever they want. Because of websites such as BBC iplayer, channel 4 catch up and ITV player. it is now possible to watch any television progammes what the public may have missed.Which is like i said now being installed to other digital devices such as mobile phones and televisions.

Before digital cameras came along, Video cameras had the tendancy to have the outcome of a blurry picture and would also lack quality of sound. A video camera would be required to be set up manually as oposed to the digital camera were everything is more or less automatic. Also with digital cameras you can review your recordings right away and delete any that are of bad quality. You can also make adjustments to your camera so the rest of your recordings turn out exactly how you want them. Whereas with video cameras you could only find out the quality of the recording by removing the tape and watching it on a television showing that the digital camera like i already said allows you to instantly view what you have preciously recorded making it more time consuming and practical.

Today's digital world allows us to alter reality and improve on a less than perfect picture. In my opinion editing has improved the digitial world dramatically. Fair enough that digital cameras have lots of technical accessories in order to make the outcome near to perfect already. However, with editing equipment you can change mostly anything you dont like about the recordings in which can be corrected and changed dramatically with all of the editing software which exists today virtually everything is possible and can be of use in the comforts of your own home.

Have online videos lowered the standards of television production?



Online videos have over time inspired and encouraged a range of people coming from all different backgrounds. However, certain illegal backgrounds create certain websites in which you can watch almost any film or television show ever created. People tend to illegally record in cinemas and the majority of the time the films lack quality. However, people enjoy watching films for free. No one would say no to a free film as opposed to buying the DVD because that's what everyone's inititive tells them, no one likes spending money. Because the free films that are shown online are not always of a very good quality I think it has overall not lowered the standards of television production. Firstly my reason would be that the film maker did already have a film made of a very professional quality after all it was the illegal downloader that re-recorded the actual films. It is up to the viewer to work out whether it lowers the standards to the origanl film. In my opinion, whilst watching a free film online, i do not expect a decent quality film how ever i did appreciate the fact that i didn't have to pay for the DVD and i think most viewers will agree rather then taking in to account that it's essentially killing the film industry. From working class adults to school children it is now possible for almost everyone to upload their own videos online as well as watch them. One website in particular that makes this possible for the nation is 'Youtube.' This social networking site allows almost anyone to create videos, blogs and their own accounts in order to express their own creativity in hope that other people will watch in enjoyment. However, the standards of these videos are not always of a very good quality but are reasonably clear to watch and enjoy. Because I myself are an audience member of 'Youtube' i have taken it upon myself to say that in my opinion i do not watch 'Youtube clips' and expect a good standard quality of recording, i watch them for my own entertainment and sometimes think that the lack of quality in a number of the videos work really well. The reason for the lack of quality in a number of the 'Youtube' clips is that people from all different countries and backgrounds upload videos and obviously they all have different recording devices, whether it's a mobile phone with a video camera or a webcam it doesn't matter because the main enjoyment is the contents of the video not the quality. However, not every 'Youtube clip' lacks quality because the clips have been uploaded either as a domestic production or sometimes shot proffessionally on HD recording equipment, there are many different recording devices all in which record in different qualities. 'Youtube' has already been used as a content for a television show called 'Rudetube' shown on channel 4.
This particular shows aim is to play a carefully publicly selected number of 'Youtube Clips'in order for the people watching at home to vote for their favourite video clip. In all honesty i think it shows that the quality of the recording does not matter as much as the entertainment level for this type of show as the audience is already familar with the mainstream social networking site and they already know that not every video clip will be perfectly clear in both  through picture or sound and instead look at it as a form of entertainment. Because i have witnessed an online video being aired on a television show, therefore the technologies have been mixed stating that online videos have not lowered the standards of television production because otherwise the video clips from online would not be shown on television.

Brief History of TV in the UK and abroad?

Aesop's Fables Research

http://www.aesops-fables.org.uk/index.htm

Aeosop's fables are short stories which teach children life lessons and morals. The appeal is humorous and entertaining to children with educational benefits. Another aspect of Aesop's fables shows that animals can speak to humans which is one of the reasons the fable's are aimed at children, it's easier and more enjoyable to teach children the things they want to know but also beneficial in the future. Fables can also be described as tales or yarns which have a message in their narrative such as a parable might have. Fables can often pass into our culture as myths and legends.
Because one of Aeosop's birth places was suggested to be in Greece

Radio Jingles

Links To My Radio Jingles.

http://www.supload.com/listen?s=aJs74h - Advert

Script- Gurty and Barbs Grow you own friend.


Gurty (Emily) : Woah! What's that doing there?

Barb (Jo) : That's my friend, Gurty!


Gurty: But Barb! That's a flower pot!


Barb: It's not just a flower pot, Gurty! That's my grow your own friend! Yeah that's right! for only £38.95 i gots me my best friend.


Each grow your own friend needs watering twice a day, batteries sold separately. Sold only in Asda and Tesco. 

http://www.supload.com/listen?s=D7LNVQ - Promo


Script- Gurty and Barbs Radio Talk show/ problem helpline.


Starts off with Eminem ft Rihanna - Love the way you lie. Then fades into speech.


Gurty and Barb: My name is Gurty, my name is Barb, we run the station to share the love.


It then fades into some of the pre-recorded shows to give a taster to the listeners showing them what the show would usually involve.


Voice 1: Your 'aving it off with my Sister!


Voice 2: Free country mate (laughs)


Gurty: Well you know when the cats away the mice play!


The advert then fades back to including the details and Gurty and Barb speak.


Barb: Gurty and Barb, tune into our talk show.


Gurty: And problem helpline, weekdays 5.30 on S.N.C Live.


Barb: You've got the issues.


Gurty and Barb: We've got the tissues, mate!


http://www.supload.com/listen?s=WfjtnV - 5 Second Jingle

5 Second Introduction to Radio Show.


The background music involves an electric sound which played through out the whole jingle, I chose the style so the jingle would sound modern.


Emily: Your listening to tricks with the hits on S.N.C Live!



Codes And Conventions Of 'Logic Pro'. 

To create these audio clips I used a programme called 'Logic Pro' which is a D.A.W ( digital audio work station.) I used this to edit and manipulate my audio clips into appropriate jingles for SNC Live radio station.
The best audio format for uploading to internet would be mp3 as it has a small file capacity. However when compressed e.g. onto a CD it loses quality because it is a lossy format.
-To start a new project on Logic Pro you first have to click on 'file' then 'new project.' Choose an empty project. You then add a track and select 'file' then 'save as' where you give your project a name.
- Within Logic Pro the inserts allow you to change the pitch of the audio as well as removing distortion by using the plug ins.
- Automation helps by making the editing easier for you. It does most of it for you except you still have control on what you want done. Automation also helps to fade the length of each track.
The snap setting determines where the regions go. An ideal setting for creating a jingle would be to put the settings on sampler then it's free to move where you like.
-Once you have created your jingle you press the 'bounce' button. A dialogue box then pops up, you then save your work into the bounces folder and create a name for your project. You then format it as a 'Wave' or a 'AIFF' and make sure normalise is off.

Evaluation.


By taking part in using the software 'Logic pro' it allowed me to learn how to edit and develop Radio jingles. I first learnt how to add tracks and decide the length of the audio and the pitch. Logic Pro also allowed me to remove distortion on the voice clips as well as adding music and sound effects in the background of the speech to make it sound more professional.
Next time when I use Logic Pro i won't be as timid as I have now had experience with the software. This helps a lot which now means I can in future get my projects finished a lot quicker because I will then be comfortable with most of the tools and settings which are relevant to the software. I enjoyed using Logic Pro as it improved my confidence with using computers. Before I used Logic Pro it was not clear to me how it would be possible in creating tracks and editing, this was the first time I had ever experienced any successful form of editing and development on computer software.
Over all I am very pleased with my finished Radio Jingles because they were exceedingly fun to create. They also developed my skills in working with a partner and expanded my knowledge in computer editing software. I know think it would be possible to learn more editing skills when beforehand I would be very nervous and less likely to get involved where as now i enjoy having the confidence and using it to the best of my ability.

Pinhole Camera Process.

Making My Pinhole Camera.

To create my pinhole camera I first of all bought in a digestive biscuit container shaped a cylinder which had previously been storing biscuits.

            I then cut out a hole in the side of the object resembling the same shape as a postage stamp. This hole is so we could fit a lens into it.

            We then painted the inside of the cylinder black to obstruct any light from entering the object.

            A silver foil was placed over the hole and taped with black tape to make the lens. I then pierced a hole with a pin, hence the name ‘pinhole camera.’

            I also made a flap out of black card so when I have captured the image I can then cover the pinhole for the image then to develop.

Using the Dark room.

To develop my photos I had to use a dark room which was where I also set up my photographic paper inside my camera. The photographic paper can not be exposed to natural day light therefore can only be exposed in the dark room unless the image has already been developed and fixed onto the paper.

Capturing and Developing.

            During the process of capturing my chosen image I had to calculate the right amount of time it would take to capture the image by measuring the width of the cylinder and dividing it by 0.8 which is the rough diameter of the pinhole. My outcome resulted in me leaving my camera for 4 minutes inside and 30 seconds outside. Unfortunately my first few images did not develop so I had to change the object that I used originally for a larger metal container which worked a lot better. I chose to take all but one of my photos outside because it took less time which meant that I can have more then one photo. The images that I captured with my new pinhole camera developed quite well and I found that the less time I left it the more it developed.

To develop the photos I had to use the dark room. In the darkroom the chemicals that are used during the developing process is the developer, the stop and the fixer. The photographic paper has to be dipped in each of those chemicals before it is dried.

Scanning the photos.

To scan my photos I first had to swipe my college card so that the machine would know who to send the pictures to. I then lifted the top off the photo copier and placed my photos on the scanner. I then pressed ‘send to me’ and changed the file format to JPEG and pressed go. I repeated this a couple of times so that the photos wouldn’t over crowd the photo copier.

Analyse.

Photo No.1

My first photo was taken from outside the college and was left for 30 seconds before I closed the flap over the pinhole. There are few marks on the photo which resemble the trunk of a tree. Over all I don’t like this photo because most of the photo is black and doesn’t show any resemblance to what I actually wanted to take the picture of.

 

Photo No.2

Again in this photo it only shows slight marks of objects that should be in the shot which was left for 30 seconds. However this image is black and has no resemblance to the outside landscape I had originally planned to capture.

Photo   No.3

Because my previous photos did not work so well I decided to leave the shutter open for 20 seconds instead of 30 so the papers not exposed to sunlight as long as before because the previous photo was over exposed in sunlight.

Photo No.4

This image was taken inside a classroom and left for 4 minutes. This photo only has few marks and a resemblance to a computer keyboard in the corner. I think this image didn’t develop so well because of the constant movement in the classroom from students walking in front.

Photo No.5

Because my pinhole camera made from a cylinder shape was not working to its full potential, I decided to change my camera completely and chose a longer object made from tin. The object also had a tight fastening on the lid because originally it had been built for air compression as the object stored foods of a sell by date. I chose to take a picture from outside the college and left the shutter open for 10 seconds. There was some resemblance of the image I wanted to capture however there was still some over exposure to light.

Photo No.6

My final photo is my favourite as it actually captured the outside of the college with no over exposure. By testing my pinhole camera 6 times I have found that if I wanted to capture an image outside I would have to leave the shutter open for 5 seconds to avoid over exposure.

Research and Development.

The first camera to ever be invented was the pinhole camera by Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th century. This pinhole camera consisted of a dark box with a pinhole at one end and a glass at the other. Then very simply as the light shines through the pin hole the image then appears on the glass screen.

The pinhole camera then progressed and developed right up to the 18th century where the images became much more clearer and colour photographs had been thought of and tested. 

It was Charles Chevalier who constructed the first folding camera, a much more portable design then the camera obscura (pinhole camera.) It had side panels which could be unhinged and also it houses a film process in which highly polished silver-plated copper sheets are treated with a light sensitive formula called silver-iodide. By starting with a small idea then gradually testing and developing the idea more and more it is quite clear that something spectacular can appear from the once small dark box with a pinhole on the side of it. It may take years for the development to work but in theory the cameras that we have today are still based on the original pinhole camera it’s just the majority of the work has been done for you automatically by the manufacturer. 

Each Idea through out history has been based on how the camera could be made easier for people to use so people have constantly been thinking of how they could improve the idea of the camera. Eventually all the work that’s been created has formed an evolution of cameras, like the theory of the evolution of man. 

Over the years cameras have become easier and a better quality for the human race to use, it wasn’t long after the first digital camera which was invented in 1994, that manufacturers then went even further and tried to better their ideas and came up with optical zoom and even more little details that didn’t even cross many people’s mind before hand was then added to the invention such as colour and photo sharpness which creates the exact image you can see in front of you if not better. It just goes to show that there is no limit in the world of technology as it has already came so far and is definitely not showing any signs of putting a stop to the development and progress of camera technology.

Pinhole Camera- Evaluation.

By taking part in the processes of building and using a pinhole camera it has definitely shown me how far the world has come in terms of technology. I also did not know it was possible to be able to take a still image with out the use of electricity or other modern fuels. Another reason for my realisation of how much camera technologies have developed is the length of time it took to capture and develop a pinhole camera picture which took me personally 10 minutes at least to capture and develop only one image, it was also frustrating not knowing if the image was going to be successful or not. If the image was not successful it then meant I would have to keep repeating the same procedure except with different time limits until I had a clear interesting image which I was happy with. Considering the interesting negative colour schemes of my pictures it made me realise how easy it would be to just change the colour scheme on a modern camera and also all the other details in which a modern camera looks after when a pinhole camera does not. It made me learn to not take the quick and easy modern technology in which I own for granted.

Because not all of my pictures turned out how I wanted them to it made me want to change what I did in the first place for the next time I should want to use a pinhole camera. When I used my pinhole camera outside I noticed that the majority of my photos shared the same all over black flood effect due to the over exposure to daylight. So if I was to take a picture with my pinhole camera outside in future I will leave the camera for a shorter amount of time then I did before. I tested my pinhole camera outside six times and on my final image I produced an image to the best of my ability. I started by leaving my camera outside for 30 seconds, then I tried 20 seconds followed by 10 seconds for my last picture taken with my original camera. I noticed that all my pictures looked the same which meant by testing my camera for the first three shots I noticed that my original pinhole camera was faulty. 

My original camera shape was of a short cylinder style so instead of using that again I decided to change to a different shape and material. Instead I used a recycled food container of a metal substance which resembled the shape of an oval with a longer length. I believe this improved my images because of the tighter fastening which made it certain that no sunlight was entering any creases within the camera to effect the development of the images. Another reason is because of the metal material it’s made from making it completely opaque where as my original camera was made of cardboard which isn’t as secure as metal and it also does not reflect light the same as the shiny surface as metal, instead because of the dark colour of cardboard it’s more likely to absorb the sunlight. The planning and testing of a pinhole camera is vital as it tells you the exact time limit you should leave before you should close the shutter and also it gives you an idea of which materials are better to use. I would definitely recommend to anyone who is making a pinhole camera to test other materials and time limits as you never know what works best until you try them.

Overall it has made me very grateful for the quick, reliable camera technologies we have access to today. It has also given me a wider understanding of how a camera works and how to develop photos. By doing this project it was like stepping back in time which to me acted like a breath of fresh air as it had broadened my knowledge of technical terms for camera parts and also helped with my patience and made me feel less dependant on technology. This project has taught me how to plan and prepare for practical tasks and has also developed my confidence in using and discussing camera equipment.